Ehssan Koupaie
Hydrothermal liquefaction of screen rejects into bio-oil, biochar and water.
In-development
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Updated Nov 2, 2026
Waste-to-energy conversion covers turning a waste stream into fuel or power. On Halo, the solutions cover recycling rejects into fuel, pectin residues into energy, anaerobic and biological routes, and solid fuel pellets. Every solution comes from the team that developed it, so you can reach the people behind the work directly. Sign up to search the full network and post your specific need.
Recycling rejects into fuel
Ehssan Koupaie
Lucian Lucia
North Carolina State University
Supercritical CO2 drying, so the rejects can be converted at all.
In-development
AM
Itesm · University
Solar pyrolysis turning the same rejects into a fuel.
In-development
Pectin residues into energy
Francesco D'Acierno
Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
Hydrothermal carbonization into energy-dense hydrochar pellets.
Sponsored researchIn-development
FK
Satbayev University
A cascade that grades fiber and recovers residual pectin, sugars and minerals.
Sponsored researchIn-development
AM
North Carolina State University
A living bioreactor of detritivorous cockroaches producing biogas.
Sponsored researchIn-development
Anaerobic and biological routes
YL
Michigan State University
Anaerobic digestion of biodegradable film into volatile fatty acids.
Sponsored researchEarly-stage
Louis Rosado-viana
A static magnetic field used to steer microbial growth for biogas.
Sponsored researchEarly-stage
MW
Ag Energy Solutions · Startup
A biomass platform tying renewable energy to crop yield and carbon.
Co-developmentIn-development
Solid fuel pellets
TH
Convergen Energy WI LLC · Supplier
Torrefied pellets made from paper mill waste that cannot be recycled.
In-development
JN
EcoGrains · Startup
Contaminated distillers grains converted into jet fuel.
Co-developmentIn-development
Crop residues and waste coal into fuel
MM
MASH Makes · Startup
Pyrolysis turns crop residues into fuel, leaving a biochar that stores carbon durably and improves soil.
In-development
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Who is working on waste-to-energy conversion
Organizations in waste-to-energy conversion
Universities, startups, and suppliers with solutions in waste-to-energy conversion.
Waste to energy organizations
Innovators in waste-to-energy conversion
Researchers and inventors advancing waste to energy solutions.
Waste to energy expertsAbout waste-to-energy conversion
Two feedstocks account for the work on Halo. Recycling screen rejects, the fraction left after old corrugated containers are pulped, are attacked by ten entries through hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis and torrefaction. Wet pectin residues are attacked by six more, every one of them avoiding a drying step. On Halo it spans five groups, including recycling rejects into fuel, pectin residues into energy, and anaerobic and biological routes.
Stage of development. Work on waste-to-energy conversion on Halo comes mostly from university programs. 36% of the solutions are in market. Co-development and sponsored research are the usual partnering routes, and about 27% of the solutions that state terms offer licensing.
Three trends in waste to energy solutions on Halo
Ten entries on one paper mill reject. Screen rejects from old corrugated container recycling, the fraction too contaminated to pulp again, drew ten entries: hydrothermal liquefaction four times, pyrolysis three, supercritical CO2 drying, thermovalorization, and torrefaction. It is a large, consistent, currently landfilled stream with a mill willing to pay to stop landfilling it.
Wet feedstock, and nobody wants to dry it. Six entries convert pectin residues and each states that drying is avoided: hydrothermal liquefaction at the moisture it arrives with, hydrothermal carbonization, catalytic processing to fuel gas, and co-digestion buffered with manure. Drying a wet residue consumes more energy than the residue contains, which is the whole economic argument.
The output is chosen by who is nearby. Boiler liquid fuel for the mill that made the waste, hydrochar pellets for an existing solid fuel plant, biogas where a digester exists, hydrogen and methane-rich gas, jet fuel from contaminated distillers grains. Waste to energy is a logistics problem, and every entry picks the product its neighbor can already burn.
303organizations
312solutions listed
67%from university labs
36%in market
Frequently asked questions
What are waste to energy solutions?
Waste-to-energy conversion covers turning a waste stream into fuel or power. It spans thermochemical conversion of recycling rejects into bio-oil and boiler fuel, pectin and agricultural residues converted into gas, biocrude or pellets, anaerobic and biological routes, and solid fuel pellets made from mill waste. Waste processors, paper mills and energy producers are the buyers.
What are examples of waste to energy solutions?
Five examples of waste to energy solutions on Halo include:
- Hydrothermal liquefaction of screen rejects into bio-oil, biochar and water. (Queen's University)
- Catalytic hydrothermal processing straight to hydrogen and methane-rich gas. (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign)
- Anaerobic digestion of biodegradable film into volatile fatty acids. (Michigan State University)
- Torrefied pellets made from paper mill waste that cannot be recycled. (Convergen Energy WI LLC)
- Pyrolysis turns crop residues into fuel, leaving a biochar that stores carbon durably and improves soil. (MASH Makes)
What are the latest waste to energy innovations?
The most recently updated waste to energy solutions on Halo include:
- Pyrolysis turns crop residues into fuel, leaving a biochar that stores carbon durably and improves soil. (MASH Makes)
- Remediates waste coal by converting it to synthetic aviation fuel while capturing carbon and recovering lithium and rare earths. (Firepoint Energy)
- Contaminated distillers grains converted into jet fuel. (EcoGrains)
Which companies and suppliers are developing waste to energy solutions?
There are 303 organizations with waste to energy solutions on Halo, 44 of them universities and research institutions. Among them are Queen's University, North Carolina State University, and Itesm. Most offer co-development or sponsored research. Sign up to see every organization working in the area and to send them your specific need.
How do I find waste to energy research partners?
Browsing waste to energy solutions on Halo is free. Sign up to search the full network and save the ones you want. Post your specific need to get exact matches. Organizations reply directly on the platform.
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